Chloroform na masana'antu mai daraja tare da tsarki mai yawa
Kadarorin
Ruwa mara launi da haske. Yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. Yana da ƙamshi na musamman. Yana da daɗi. Ba ya ƙonewa cikin sauƙi. Idan aka fallasa shi ga hasken rana ko kuma aka yi masa oxidized a cikin iska, yana wargajewa a hankali kuma yana samar da phosgene (carbyl chloride). Saboda haka, yawanci ana ƙara ethanol 1% a matsayin mai daidaita. Ana iya mirgine shi da ethanol, ether, benzene, petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide da mai. ImL yana narkewa a cikin ruwa kusan 200mL (25℃). Gabaɗaya ba zai ƙone ba, amma fallasa shi ga harshen wuta na dogon lokaci da zafin jiki mai yawa har yanzu yana iya ƙonewa. A cikin ruwa mai yawa, haske, zafi mai yawa zai faru, samuwar phosgene mai guba da lalata da hydrogen chloride. Tushe masu ƙarfi kamar lye da potassium hydroxide na iya rushe chloroform zuwa chlorates da tsari. A cikin aikin alkali mai ƙarfi da ruwa, yana iya samar da abubuwan fashewa. Haɗuwa mai zafi da ruwa, lalata, tsatsa na ƙarfe da sauran ƙarfe, tsatsa na robobi da roba.
Tsarin aiki
An wanke trichloromethane na masana'antu da ruwa don cire ethanol, aldehyde da hydrogen chloride, sannan aka wanke shi da sinadarin sulfuric acid mai yawa da kuma maganin sodium hydroxide. An gwada ruwan don ya zama alkaline kuma an wanke shi sau biyu. Bayan an busar da shi da sinadarin calcium chloride mai narkewa, sai a tace shi, don samun tsantsar trichloromethane.
Ajiya
Chloroform sinadari ne na halitta wanda aka fi amfani da shi azaman mai narkewa da kuma hanyar amsawa. Yana da ƙarfi sosai, yana iya kamawa da wuta kuma yana fashewa. Saboda haka, a lura da waɗannan yayin adana shi:
1. Yanayin ajiya: Ya kamata a adana Chloroform a cikin wuri mai sanyi, bushe da iska mai kyau, nesa da hasken rana kai tsaye da zafin jiki mai yawa. Wurin ajiya ya kamata ya kasance nesa da wuraren wuta, zafi da iskar oxygen, wuraren da ba su da fashewa.
2. Marufi: Ya kamata a adana Chloroform a cikin akwati mai hana iska shiga, kamar kwalaben gilashi, kwalaben filastik ko ganga na ƙarfe. Ya kamata a riƙa duba inganci da matsewar kwantena akai-akai. Ya kamata a ware kwantena na Chloroform daga sinadarin nitric acid da alkaline don hana haɗuwa.
3. Hana ruɗani: Bai kamata a haɗa sinadarin chloroform da sinadarin oxidant mai ƙarfi, sinadarin acid mai ƙarfi, tushen ƙarfi da sauran abubuwa don guje wa haɗari ba. A yayin adanawa, lodawa, saukewa da amfani, ya kamata a mai da hankali don hana karo, gogayya da girgiza, don guje wa zubewa da haɗurra.
4. Hana wutar lantarki mai tsauri: A lokacin ajiya, lodawa, sauke kaya da amfani da chloroform, a hana wutar lantarki mai tsauri. Ya kamata a ɗauki matakan da suka dace, kamar yin amfani da ƙasa, shafa, kayan aikin hana rikitowa, da sauransu.
5. Gano lakabin da ke cikin kwantena na chloroform: Ya kamata a yi wa kwantena na chloroform alama da lakabin da aka gano, wanda ke nuna ranar ajiya, suna, yawan da aka tara, adadi da sauran bayanai, domin sauƙaƙe gudanarwa da gano su.
Amfani
Tabbatar da sinadarin cobalt, manganese, iridium, iodine, da kuma sinadarin phosphorus. Tabbatar da sinadarin phosphorus mara tsari, gilashin halitta, mai, roba, alkaloid, kakin zuma, phosphorus, da sinadarin iodine a cikin jini.
