Phenol (C6H5OH) lu'ulu'u ne mai siffar allura mai launi wanda ke da ƙamshi na musamman. Yana aiki a matsayin muhimmin abu wajen samar da wasu resins, ƙwayoyin cuta, abubuwan kiyayewa, da magunguna (kamar aspirin). Haka kuma ana iya amfani da shi don kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, magance fitar da najasa, tsaftace fata, rage ƙaiƙayi, da kuma magance cututtukan kunne. Phenol yana da wurin narkewa na 43°C kuma yana narkewa kaɗan a cikin ruwa a zafin ɗaki amma yana narkewa cikin sauƙi a cikin abubuwan narkewa na halitta. Lokacin da zafin ya wuce 65°C, yana narkewa da ruwa a kowane rabo. Phenol yana lalata kuma yana haifar da lalata furotin na gida lokacin da aka taɓa shi. Maganin phenol wanda ya taɓa fata za a iya wanke shi da barasa. Ƙaramin ɓangaren phenol da aka fallasa ga iska yana oxidizes zuwa quinone, yana canza launin ruwan hoda. Yana canza launin shunayya lokacin da aka fallasa shi ga ions na ferric, wani abu da aka saba amfani da shi don gwada phenol.
Tarihin Ganowa
An gano Phenol a cikin kwal a cikin kwal a shekarar 1834 ta hannun masanin kimiyyar sinadarai na Jamus Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge, don haka ana kiransa da carbolic acid. Phenol ya fara samun karbuwa sosai godiya ga sanannen likitan Burtaniya Joseph Lister. Lister ya lura cewa yawancin mutuwar bayan tiyata sun faru ne sakamakon kamuwa da raunuka da kuma samuwar majina. Da gangan, ya yi amfani da maganin phenol mai narkewa don fesa kayan aikin tiyata da hannunsa, wanda hakan ya rage yawan kamuwa da cutar ga marasa lafiya. Wannan binciken ya tabbatar da cewa phenol yana da maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta mai ƙarfi, wanda ya ba Lister laƙabin "Uban Tiyatar Maganin Tsafta."
Kayayyakin Sinadarai
Phenol na iya shanye danshi daga iska kuma ya zama ruwan sha. Yana da ƙamshi na musamman, kuma ruwan da ke narkewa sosai yana da daɗi. Yana da ƙarfi sosai kuma yana da tasiri a sinadarai. Yana amsawa da aldehydes da ketones don samar da resins na phenolic da bisphenol A, da kuma tare da acetic anhydride ko salicylic acid don samar da esters na phenyl acetate da salicylate. Hakanan yana iya fuskantar halogenation, hydrogenation, oxidation, alkylation, carboxylation, esterification, da etherification.
A yanayin zafi na yau da kullun, phenol yana da ƙarfi kuma baya amsawa da sodium cikin sauƙi. Idan aka dumama phenol don narkewa kafin a ƙara sodium don gwaji, yana raguwa cikin sauƙi, kuma launinsa yana canzawa bayan dumama, wanda ke shafar sakamakon gwaji. A cikin koyarwa, an ɗauki wata hanya ta daban don cimma sakamako mai gamsarwa na gwaji cikin sauƙi da inganci. A cikin bututun gwaji, ana ƙara 2-3 mL na ether mai ruwa, sannan a bi shi da wani ƙarfe mai girman wake. Bayan cire kerosene na saman da takardar tacewa, ana sanya sodium a cikin ether, inda ba ya amsawa. Ƙara ƙaramin adadin phenol da girgiza bututun yana ba da damar sodium ya amsa da sauri, yana samar da iskar gas mai yawa. Ka'idar da ke bayan wannan gwajin ita ce phenol yana narkewa a cikin ether, yana sauƙaƙa amsawarsa da sodium.
Lokacin Saƙo: Janairu-20-2026